I disagree. I don't think it's at all true that "most people probably give only once to a campaign." Involvement tends to spur more involvement, assuming the candidate continues to inspire support among his base (and continues to make smart, timely appeals for donations alongside other forms of volunteer engagement, like making phone calls). In 2004, many of Howard Dean's small donors become "middies" because they kept reaching into their pockets to give again and again. (One estimate of the donations made to Dean by people who attended his Meetups was they ended up giving more than $300 on average--and the more Meetups they attended, the more likely they were to give.) We've seen the same thing happen this cycle with Ron Paul's donors, many of whom have described choosing to give again and again, in tandem with their grass-roots "money bomb" efforts. Obama's million donor pool is proving to be a very deep well of support for him to tap, and when the dust settles, it's quite likely that the impact of his under $200 contributors may be a much more sizable fraction of his overall fundraising than is typical.
By Micah L. Sifry, 03/01/2008 - 1:10pm
Sometime today, I presume, the Obama campaign will reveal its total fundraising haul for the month of February, and everyone will go gaga. Whatever the actual number--$35 million is the low estimate (which would match the Clinton campaign's take), $70 million is Republican consultant and techPresident blogger Patrick Ruffini's plausible prediction (which would be nearly six times John McCain's reported February income)--it's important to put this into more dramatic perspective.
In 2004, when the total US population was about 296 million, the total number of donors giving $200 or more to all federal campaigns and committees--that is, to all presidential and congressional candidates, PACs and party committees--was 1,140,535, according to the nonpartisan Center for Responsive Politics. That is, about .4% of the US population made a contribution of more than $200.
In 2000, when the total population was about 281 million, just 777,877 made a $200+ contribution, just over one-quarter of one-percent of the population.
Barack Obama's campaign has already mobilized more individual donors than the entire large donor pool of 2000, and they are closing rapidly on the entire large donor pool of 2004. This is breathtaking.
Obviously, this is not an apples-to-apples comparison, because when Obama reports having topped one million individual donors, the bulk of his givers are so-called "small donors" because the amounts they have donated are under $200 and therefore do not have to be itemized individually when reported to the FEC.
And it doesn't mean that Obama is completely free of being dependent on large donors and the well-connected bundlers who still amount for the bulk of actual dollars raised by presidential campaigns. To give you some perspective, in 2004, the 884,000 donors who gave between $200 and $1999 produced a total of $513 million. The much smaller group of 231,000 who gave $2000 or more, produced a total of $756 million. Big money still matters a lot, and that's why it's very important to pay close attention to the bundlers and the monied interests pouring large sums into all the presidential campaigns.
But Obama's million-plus individual donors should be seen as marking two significant changes in American politics. First, we're living through a major upsurge in public participation in politics--and the Internet is a big engine of that surge. Second, a candidate with a million-plus individual donors--90% of whom at this point have given something like $100 on average--has the potential to more independent of monied interests than any in the past. It's too soon to say if Obama will live up to that potential--indeed, it's too soon to say if he will be the Democratic nominee--but whatever happens I suspect that a year from now we'll look back on this day and note that it marked an inflection point in how technology is changing politics.
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His small donors can give again and again
More proof of a political-religous cult??
Micah,
I think this is just more proof of the cult nature of Obama followers. His empty speeches won't go far in the general election. The latest Rasmussen poll shows people trust McCain over Obama when it comes to the economy, national security and Iraq. The selling of his political moniker are reminiscent of how the Nazi Party promoted the swastika. Just look at the Google ads which appear on this website. Do you really think money can buy this election or are supporters giving money to the Church of Obama????
Agree to diagree
While his most engaged and loyal supporters (Meetup attendees, to use an '04 example) will give multiple times, I believe that is a small percentage as compared to the drive-by donors who want to feel like they've helped. They give what they can give but that's it.
It would be interesting if we could look at his FEC report as it stands right now, because right now, we're both just speculating about the profile of his donors.
For Comparison
If you're going to compare Obama to 2004 to make the point that his donor numbers are huge, you really need to do it on an apples to apples basis. Comparing aggregated donors to non-aggregated donors is really misleading.
The Bush campaign ended the campaign with 1.2 million total donors in 2004. So the precedent for having more than 1 million total donors has already been set. Granted, Obama has done it much earlier in the cycle and as a candidate in a contested primary.
At the time the Bush campaign announced its one millionth donor, Kerry had just announced his one millionth donation so the media equated the two. Bush, however, had reached a million DONORS in the summer.
As I said, Obama's accomplishment is still impressive. He's not a sitting president, so it's likely much harder to reach a million donors in the environment he's in. However, purely as a number, it has been done before, so keep this in perspective.
Of course if I remember
Of course if I remember correctly (and I may be wrong), the majority of Bush's donors came through Jim Rowley's direct mail program not online.
The difft fundraising emphasis between the two campaigns is one reason for different timing of 1,000,000 donor mark and more importantly a big difference in net dollars. BC04 was mailing the phone book and netting money...that said they would probably much rather have the COF of Obama's online operation...
Donors = more than $
While, like most rules in politics, this is not always true, small donors also tend to be volunteers. Big donors drop the cash at the big events for a photo with the prez or a night in the Lincoln bedroom.
But small donors not only tend to give repeatedly, but give hours.
PACs and corporations cover their bases and give to multiple candidates. Small donors don't.
So, once a candidate has their money, he or she also has their vote, and is much more likely to have their time.
If a campaign makes it easy to write a letter, make a phone call, or talk to your neighbors--a small donor is much more apt to do so.
We know we can't fork over the big bucks. But we have time and connections and are willing to use them. That's how many of us got involved with the Dean campaign, and later in congressional races. We saw we had something to give that was just as valuable as money. We gave both. But it was the volunteer time that really hooked us in and kept us there. The Obama campaign has made good use of both and I commend them for it. They'll need both if he becomes the nominee. And they'll have them.
donors may mean LESS volunteers......
cfinnie,
I do not mean to pound you in the head, but I think Obama is over-rated and those who follow him are in for a bit of disappointment. Much of his support is the result of anti-Clinton sentiments. Some are probably giving money so they do not have to waste time at an event or to get rid of nuisance calls from the Obama movement.
When Mrs Obama referred to people's use of her husband's name as a "fear bomb", I think it largely backfired and the damage would have been worse had it received more coverage. If his name is such a problem, why didn't he change it? Americans do not name their children Adolph or Castro and people change names for far more trivial reasons, but Obama kept the name of a dictator, Hussein.
It is NOT right-wing conservatives asking these questions as they have already dismissed Obama. It is the political LEFT asking these questions. Obama's time in the spot light won't last. Money is not going to buy this election.
Recent blog posts
- From Jay-Z's Web Book to Khatami's Blog (Berkman10 Dispatch)
- Berkman at 10: Is the Internet Good for Democracy, Or What?
- Daily Digest: Edwards Jumps on the Barackwagon
- Berkman at 10: The Future of the Internet is in Our Hands
- Daily Digest: Obama Steers Clear of 527s
- The Presidential Debates Must Embrace the Internet
- Obama Looks Ahead to Oregon Primary in E-mail Push
- PdF 2008: Rebooting the System (A Peek at the Program)
- Daily Digest: Drafting a Digital New Deal [UPDATE]
- What Tools are YOU Using for Online Politics?
Recent comments
- The Edwards news unfolded as follows:
13 min 39 sec ago - Lobby delegates
5 hours 2 min ago - "Meanwhile, Edwards' homepage is stuck on January 30, 2008."
10 hours 45 min ago - nader
1 day 5 hours ago - Actually Hillary has sent emails asking people to travel...
1 day 10 hours ago - Google hits vs. viral e-mail
1 day 13 hours ago - He may not win the nomination
2 days 13 hours ago - great example of web politics in action
3 days 2 hours ago - David Mamet-like subtitles.
3 days 5 hours ago - Email issue
3 days 6 hours ago

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One large caveat
When you take into account that donation averages are probably well below $200 and most people probably give only once to a campaign, this statement nearly invalidates your big, bolded point.
I think Obama's million donors is impressive and truly a step forward for online politics, but let's not go overboard here.